Philosophy & Religion

This book engages with an age-old question: What accounts for the persistence of Jewish culture through the ages? Despite significant variations, how were Jewish cultural elements sustained over the millennia? Mother's Milk: Essays on Child-Rearing, the Household, and the Making of Jewish Culture proposes that we include the earliest phases of child-rearing in the history of Jewish cultural production. Author Deena Aranoff argues that some of the most enduring aspects of Jewish culture are produced in the context of household and family relations. Mother's Milk examines how Jewish practices, including rabbinic halakhah, are derived from household custom and unfold within the context of family life. Aranoff proposes a revised genealogy of Jewish culture that emphasizes the interplay between everyday life and formal Jewish practice.

Mindfulness‑based interventions have become popular mental health treatments in recent years, but these interventions are typically applied by practitioners who lack knowledge of the interventions’ Buddhist origins. The historical, religious, and philosophical foundations of mindfulness offer essential insights for clinicians and researchers alike. This book, a collaboration between two practicing psychologists and an ordained Buddhist nun, examines the early Buddhist philosophical roots of mindfulness and provides a model for modern psychotherapy. In Buddhist psychotherapy, the therapist listens to a client discuss their concerns, considers how the client’s suffering can be conceptualized from a Buddhist worldview, and uses mindfulness and other techniques taught by the Buddha to address the source of their suffering. This framework does not rely on any specific spiritual belief, but instead seeks to alleviate client suffering in a world where everything is ultimately impermanent and impersonal. Amply illustrated with quotes from early Buddhist literature as well as modern clinical examples, this rich volume will help modern psychotherapists deepen their understanding of mindfulness and enrich their practice.

Anyone new to philosophy soon encounters new ideas that challenge their hidden biases and cherished beliefs, or are at odds with common sense and tradition. Yet, these philosophical ideas are backed by strong arguments, arguments so strong that it's difficult to identify what is wrong with them. Too Weird to Believe, Too Plausible to Deny: Mind-Blowing Philosophical Ideas explores these strange yet cogent ideas in 29 short, clear chapters written by some of the best philosophers alive today. Some of these ideas include: Nobody should reproduce. You are not responsible for your actions. Consciousness is in everything, everywhere. Your property doesn't really belong to you. Absolutely anything can be art. Biases are morally good and help us understand reality. We can't know what scientific facts are correct. Having a disability can be good for you. You should never ever lie, even to save a life. You have no moral duty to obey the law. You don't exist because there is no self. Each chapter starts with a seemingly counterintuitive philosophical conclusion and a simple, accurate description of the underlying argument supporting the conclusion, including historical and cultural context. This is followed by an outline of objections for the purposes of conversation and debate, and a discussion of the implications of the idea, or how it may relate to the reader's interests and attitudes. Each chapter closes with suggested readings and a list of references for readers who want to learn more about the idea.

Moses Maimonides, a scientist, physician, philosopher, rabbinic scholar, and communal leader, was perhaps the most imposing Jewish figure of the pre-modern age. Yet, more than eight centuries after his death, the meaning of his life and his work remains contested. This Very Short Introduction to Moses Maimonides surveys Maimonides' many intellectual, literary, and professional ventures. Born in Islamic Cordoba, he ultimately settled in Cairo, where he served as jurist and civic leader and a highly esteemed physician with responsibilities at the Fatimid and Ayyubid courts, even as he deepened his philosophical-theological pursuits. He moved seamlessly between specialized, private, and public Jewish and Muslim spheres. Indeed, his written works traverse multiple disciplines, employ several literary genres, and address various elite and popular audiences. Beginning with his Commentary on the Mishnah and culminating in the seminal Mishneh Torah (Code of Jewish Law), Maimonides reorganized and systematized all of rabbinic law. He regarded the attainment of wisdom as the ultimate goal of human life. Like many Jewish and Muslim religious intellectuals of the period Maimonides was preoccupied with the problem posed by the language religious tradition deploys in referring to God. His Guide for the Perplexed treats this central challenge to knowing God's absolute, unchanging unity, as well as defining the purpose of divine law and supposed interruption of the natural order in the form of prophecy and miracles.This book organizes Maimonides' thinking and writings thematically and puts his works into dialogue with one another. It proposes that the key to engaging Maimonides on his own terms is to understand he applied a rationalist's regimen characteristic of his scientific research and practice of medicine to all of his life's work: he observed and studied a problem, diagnosed it, and then prescribed a remedy for it whether the concern was physical, metaphysical, spiritual, intellectual, or social in nature.His Arabic and Hebrew contributions to each of his fields of inquiry were translated and disseminated far and wide and found a prominent place among religious and scientific intellectuals in the Latin West and throughout the Jewish and Islamic worlds.