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Critical Thinking: Conspiracy Theories, Urban Legends, and Moral Panics

If you’re teaching critical thinking and looking for timely and engaging material, why not try a conspiracy theory?

Articles

Dentith, M R. The Truth about Conspiracy Theories.. iai news. 8/26/2020

Every States Most-Searched Conspiracy Theory. USDirect.

DOE/Los Alamos National Laboratory. New AI tool tracks evolution of COVID-19 conspiracy theories on social media. 4/19/21.AAAS EurekaAlert.

Bergengruen, Vera. QAnon Candidates Are Winning Local Elections. Can They Be Stopped? Time. 4/16/2021

Friedberg, Brian. The Dark Vitality of a Hollywood Blood-harvesting Conspiracy. Wired. 7/31/20

Holub, Christian. The Department of Truth comic wants you to think about who benefits from belief in conspiracy theories. EW.com 3/31/21

Hofstadter, Richard. "The Paranoid Style in American Politics." Harper’s Magazine 1964: 77-86.

Tangherlini, T. R. An AI tool can distinguish between a conspiracy theory and a true conspiracy – it comes down to how easily the story falls apart. The Conversation.1/13/20

Farago, J. How Conspiracy Theories Shape Art (Published 2018). The New York Times. 11/1/20

Fisher, M. Why Coronavirus Conspiracy Theories Flourish. And Why It Matters. The New York Times. 4/8/20

Robb, Amanda. “Pizzagate: Anatomy of a Fake News Scandal.” Rolling Stone (blog), Nov. 16, 2017.

Trilling, David, Journalist’s Resource June 16, and 2017. “Seen a Fake News Story Recently? You’re More Likely to Believe It next Time.” Journalist’s Resource (blog), June 16, 2017.

Bardon, A., & Bardon, A. (2020, February 1). Humans are hardwired to dismiss facts that don’t fit their worldview. Fast Company. 2/1/20

Cohen, R. The Silurian Hypothesis. The Paris Review. 1/23/20

PolitiFact - "Why Do Some People Think Mass Shootings Are Staged Every Time?” Aug. 8, 2019 @politifact. 

The Atlantic. “Shadowland.” Ongoing series by several authors.

The Conversation. “Conspiracy Theories News, Research and Analysis.”   

The 9/11 Lies Are Out There: Editor’s Notes.” Popular Mechanics, February 4, 2005.

Wong, Julia Carrie. Down the rabbit hole: how QAnon conspiracies thrive on Facebook. The Guardian Jul. 25, 2020.  

Wolf, Jessica. How Conspiracy Theories Emerge – and How Their Storylines Fall Apart. UCLA Newsroom. June 26, 2020.

Alter, Charlotte. How Conspiracy Theories Are Shaping the 2020 Election—and Shaking the Foundation of American Democracy. Time 9/10/20

Conger, K. (2020, July 24). Twitter Takedown Targets QAnon Accounts. The New York Times.

Ortutay, Barbara. YouTube follows Twitter and Facebook with QAnon crackdown. ABC News. October 15, 2020

Wong, Q. Facebook intensifies its crackdown on QAnon conspiracy theory. CNET. August 10, 2020

Tiffany, Kaitlyn. The Boom in Fireworks Conspiracy Theories. June 24, 2020. The Atlantic.

Zaveri, Mihir; Allie Conti and Sandra E. Garcia. Fireworks Conspiracy Theories: Why You Should Be Skeptical. June 25, 2020. New York Times

Covid 19

Cassata, Cathy & Cassel, Dana K. Doctors Debunk 9 Popular COVID-19 Vaccine Myths and Conspiracy Theories. Healthline 6/22/2021

Melor, Chris. Just 12 anti-vaxxers responsible for spreading most COVID-19 vaccine conspiracy theories. StudyFinds.org 5/22/2021

Miller, Susan. Tweet analysis uncovers how COVID conspiracy theories evolved. GCN. 4/21/2021

Robinson, Philip. What’s the secret science of conspiracy theories? Chemistry World 4/26/2021

Brazil, Rachel. Why do people believe conspiracy theories? Chemistry World. 4/26/2021

Donovan, Joan. Covid hoaxes are using a loophole to stay alive—even after content is deleted. MIT Technology Review. 4/30/20

Parks, Myles. The Most Popular J&J Vaccine Story On Facebook? A Conspiracy Theorist Posted It. NPR 4/15/21

Klepper, David; Amiri, Farnoush; Dupuy, Beatrice.The superspreaders behind top COVID-19 conspiracy theories. ABC News/Associated Press. 2/15/21

Li , David K. & Samira Puskar. Wisconsin pharmacist accused of trying to destroy Covid vaccine is 'conspiracy theorist,' authorities say. NBC News.1/4/21

Video: The Guardian.Why the 5G coronavirus conspiracy is false. 5/1/20

The Conversation. Five experts investigate how the 5G coronavirus conspiracy theory began. 6/11/20.

Fisher, M. Why Coronavirus Conspiracy Theories Flourish. And Why It Matters. The New York Times. 4/8/20

Alba, Davey; Decker, Ben. Trump spread multiple conspiracy theories on Monday. Here are their roots. New York Times, 9/1/20

Edmond, Charlotte. Conspiracy theories have flourished during the pandemic – here’s how to stop them in their tracks. World Economic Forum, 9/2/20

On the Media podcast: The COVID Conspiracy Boom on Facebook. 8/19/2020

Rettner, Raechel. "COVID-19 has fueled more than 2,000 rumors and conspiracy theories". LiveScience. 8/10/2020

Video::Coronavirus: Conspiracy Theories: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO). 7/19/20

Video: How 'Plandemic' and Other Conspiracy Theories Spread. CBC interview with Timothy Caulfield about COVID 19 misinformation.May 11, 2020.

Cohen, Seth. Is Fauci A “Deep State” Doctor? The Conspiracy Theory That Is Sickening America. Forbes. 7/14/2020.

Mitchell, A. , Jurkowitz, M., Oliphant, J. Baker, Shearer, Elisa.Three Months In, Many Americans See Exaggeration, Conspiracy Theories and Partisanship in COVID-19 News. Pew Research Center. 6/29/2020.

Ridgwell, Henry. Reliance on Social Media News Amplifies COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories, Report Finds. Voice of America, 7/1/2020.

Latest conspiracy theories repeat old stories. From DW (Deutsche Welle)

CBC video: How "Plandemic" and other conspiracy theories spread

Douglas, K. Psychological Science and COVID-19: Conspiracy Theories. Association for Psychological Science.May 29, 2020.

Ball, P & Maxmen, A. The epic battle against coronavirus misinformation and conspiracy theories. Nature. May 27, 2020.

PEN America's Guide COVID-19 and Disinformation

Reader, Ruth. Why Bill Gates is the focus of the latest coronavirus conspiracy theories.  April 14, 2020. Fast Company.

Coronavirus: How do I recognize a conspiracy thoery? DW (Deutsche Welle)

QAnon

Stice, Elizabeth. Conspiracies in the Classroom. Opinion piece. Inside Higher Ed. 6/3/2021

Video: Todd, Chuck; Mark Murry; Carrie Dan. Study finds nearly one-in-five Americans believe QAnon conspiracy theories. Meet the Press. 5/27/2021 (posted 5/27 but some of video is from months earlier)

NBCNewsCaldwell, Noah; Mia Venkat; Jarenwattananon. America's Satanic Panic Returns — This Time Through QAnon. All Things Considered. 5/18/2021

Conger, K. (2020, July 24). Twitter Takedown Targets QAnon Accounts. The New York Times.

Ortutay, Barbara. YouTube follows Twitter and Facebook with QAnon crackdown. ABC News. October 15, 2020

Wong, Q. Facebook intensifies its crackdown on QAnon conspiracy theory. CNET. August 10, 2020

Mac, Ryan;

Podcast: Vogt, PJ; Goldman,Alex; Dzotsi, Emmanuel. Country of Liars. Reply All podcast 9/18/20

Davis, Susan. House Votes To Condemn QAnon Conspiracy Theory: 'It's A Sick Cult'. NPR 10/2/20

Jennings, Rebecca. What we can learn about QAnon from the Satanic Panic. Vox. 9/25/20.

McNeal, Stephanie. The Netflix Movie "Cuties" Has Become The Latest Target Of #SaveTheChildren Conspiracy Theorists. Buzzfeed News. 9/11/20

O'Sullivan, Donie. 911 dispatchers slammed with calls about QAnon-backed false claims about wildfires. CNN 9/11/20

LaFrance, Adrienne. “The Prophecies of Q.” The Atlantic. Accessed June 22, 2020.

Wong, Julia Carrie. Down the Rabbit Hole: How QAnon Conspiracies Thrive on Facebook. The Guardian Jul. 25, 2020.

Video: Complex News: QAnon: What You Need to Know About The Online Right Wing Conspiracy Collective Mar. 26, 2019

BLM Protests

Snopes https://www.snopes.com/?s=floyd Note: A lot of this is misinformation and rumor, rather than conspiracy theory

Snopes https://www.snopes.com/?s=blm Note: A lot of this is misinformation and rumor, rather than conspiracy theory

Edmond, Charlotte. Conspiracy theories have flourished during the pandemic – here’s how to stop them in their tracks. World Economic Forum, 9/2/20 (Helpful charts)

Alba, Davey; Decker, Ben. Trump spread multiple conspiracy theories on Monday. Here are their roots. New York Times, 9/1/20

Hosenball, Mark; Mason, Jeff; Lynch, Sarah N. Trump alleges plane of 'thugs' being probed, but other officials cannot confirm it. Reuters, 9/1/2020

Baker, Peter. Trump Embraces Fringe Theories on Protests and the Coronavirus. New York Times, 8/30/2020

Seitz, Amanda. Facebook groups pivot from targeting stay-at-home orders to misinformation on racial injustice protests. Associated Press/USAToday. 7/5/20

Wong, Queenie. Coronavirus, BLM conspiracy theories collide on Facebook and Twitter. CNET, 6/28/2020

Kaplan, Alex. A debunked conspiracy theory about Black Lives Matter, ActBlue, and Democrats can be traced to far-right message boards. Media Matters, 6/12/2020

Ellis, E.G. Wired: The world was primed for protest conspiracy theories. Jun. 4, 2020.

Rodrigo, C.M. The Hill: Conspiracy theories run rampant online amid Floyd protests. Jun. 3, 2020

BBC News Reality Check: George Floyd protests: Misleading footage and conspiracy theories spread online. Jun. 2, 2020

CBSN: Online conspiracy theories spread after the death of George Floyd. Jun. 3, 2020

Klepper, David & Laurie Hinnant. George Soros conspiracy theories surge as protests sweep US. June 21, 2020. APNews.

Ongoing series

On March 1 2021, NPR began an ongoing series called Untangling Disinformation. It's about disinformation generally, including conspiracy theories. One installment discusses a new HBO documentary about QAnon.

The Shadowland series from The Atlantic began in 2020 and is ongoing.

The Media Manipulation Casebook is apparently not ongoing but a very interesting set of case studies with icons for different forms of manipulation. Topics include a few conspiracy theories.